Threads, Embellishments, and Culture -- ALIAS GRACE


Netflix’s adaptation of Alias Grace is strongly tied to the source text, yet it is interesting how this intricately woven work is quilted together. Fidelity to the plot, the characters represented, settings, and tone are remarkably accurate, but it is the omissions and additions to the television mini-series that enhanced the experience. Utilizing the multiple elements available with film (versus the single-medium of the written word), director Mary Harron is able to both move the story forward and take the audience back to key moments. Grace’s voice-over narration through the series cleverly shares her thoughts, allows visuals to show what she is saying simultaneously, and reads letters aloud. Intercutting is used to symbolize memories and/or thoughts, but it is not specified as to whether Grace’s repeated vision of Nancy Montgomery’s (Anna Paquin) body being unceremoniously dumped into the cellar is imagined or remembered. However, we do know that the image of James McDermott (Kerr Logan) butchering the bodies and holding up a severed leg does not actually happen. Further, Dr. Jordan’s frequent fantasies and daydreams of Grace are clearly imagined, but the first few cause the viewer to do a double-take. The ambiguity Atwood (as relayed in Katrina Onstad’s NY Times article) intended is honored.

Literary elements omitted from the mini-series are not missed. Dr. Jordan’s mother thankfully sends no notes regarding his marital status or her failing health. Mrs. Humphrey’s financial downfall and the details of her affair with Dr. Jordan are summed up in just a few scenes; rough sex and a room with only a carpet and plant stand are enough to satisfy those who have read the novel without causing loose threads for viewers. Neither is Dr. Jordan’s college friend mentioned, with whom he corresponds via letter on numerous occasions in the novel. The landlady and potential relationship with Grace’s father, as well as the efforts to keep the children fed (upon their immigration into Canada) are excluded as well. Also, nowhere to be seen are the frequent peonies from the book, but roses take center stage at the Kinnear house. As in the novel, Nancy is holding roses in front of the home, and we see this identifying image as an intercut flashback shot repeatedly.

Further, performance enhances the overall presentation. The two most memorable instances involve Grace (Sarah Gadon) herself, and they begin with the opening of the first episode. While the novel provides words, the actress communicates visible emotions and a corresponding facial expression for each term used by others to label her. She becomes an inhuman female demon, an innocent victim, a person above her humble station, cunning and devious, and an idiot soft in the head. Ms. Gadon’s other incredible performance that embellishes the program occurs after Grace’s old friend Jeremiah becomes Dr. Jerome DuPont and hypnotizes the protagonist. Atwood wrote “The voice is thin, wavering, watery; but fully present, fully alert,” but Gadon’s change in voice and personality traits are portrayed so convincingly that it could have been a different actress.  “Really, Doctor, you are such a hypocrite! You want to know if I kissed him, if I slept with him. If I was his paramour! Is that it?” Grace truly becomes Mary-gone-wild under Sarah Gadon’s skillful portrayal and Mary Harron’s directing experience with “characters crossed with madness.”

As for culture, two distinct themes are present, with women and their lower station prevailing. From the beating Grace’s mother receives when she falls boarding the ship, to battering and attempted sexual abuse from her father, Grace’s childhood is just the beginning. Mary acts as an older sister after Grace arrives at the Parkinson residence, but the mentor is foreshadowing her own future while teaching Grace: “The worst ones are the gentlemen, who think they are entitled to anything they want; and it is always better to lock your door, and to use the chamber pot. But any kind of man will try the same; and they’ll start promising things… you must never do anything for them until they have performed what they promised; and if there’s a ring, there must be a parson to go with it.” (75) George Parkinson suffers no consequences or ramifications for his actions, but Mary dies, and George then set Grace in his sights. The visual image of her locked doorknob turning is unsettling even for those who read the novel and know he will not gain entry. Grace’s exposure to the nature of men continues on her journey to the Kinnear farm. In the carriage and after arrival to Richmond Hill, she endures the drunkard’s advances and assumptions. McDermott also speaks coarsely to her, insinuating a loose nature, and Kinnear may or may not be making improper advances. Certain abuse occurs while Grace is institutionalized. Seeing Grace strapped to a chair in the asylum with a doctor reaching up her leg is deeply disturbing. Even Dr. Jordan himself not only has sexual fantasies about Grace, but he disrespectfully violates Mrs. Humphrey before discarding her. A woman’s prospects in the workforce are limited, and prostitution is “easier work than a coal mine or a mill,” but “many of them got diseases, and were old by the time they were twenty.” (67) Yet, without income or financial stability, one is susceptible to subjugation, no matter their gender. 
The great difference between social classes in 19th-century Canada was also a poignant cultural touchstone in the book and adaptation. A rebellion had just been fought, led by William Lyon Mackenzie, against the gentry. This war not only provided McDermott with employment (with the Glengarry Light Infantry) prior to the Kinnear farm, but it was also responsible for Mary’s employment at the Parkinson residence. Her father died “through illness caused by hiding in the winter woods; and her mother had died of grief.” Additionally, the gentry’s public opinion of Grace almost threw the trial. Per Reverend Verringer, “The Tories appear to have confused Grace with the Irish Question, although she is a Protestant; and to consider the murder of a single Tory gentleman – however worthy the gentleman, and however regrettable the murder – to be the same thing as the insurrection of an entire race.” (32) The cultural preference toward the wealthy Tories would have caused Grace’s execution had she been tried for Nancy’s death. Per Mr. MacKenzie, Grace’s lawyer, “I couldn’t have got her off. Public opinion would have been too strong for me. She would have been hanged.” (183)
It is not surprising, as Margaret Atwood herself was the supervising producer, that the Netflix adaptation of Alias Grace is a remarkably faithful representation of the novel. However, this straight adaptation from literary work to television mini-series is surprising in its ability to draw in the viewer and entertain while simultaneously educate. Information about Canadian culture and history, women’s lack of rights in the 19th-century, relationships, mental health care, and even the penitentiary system was relayed.

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